“Practical Monetary Policy: Why Has the Riksbank’s Policy-Rate Path Been So High, and Why Did this Not Prevent the Recovery?”, keynote lecture at the National Conference of Swedish Economists, Uppsala University, September 17, 2011. Summary: English • Swedish • Slides. Background paper (for the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, Fall 2011, published in Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2011, 289-332)